Diffractive optics for laboratory sources to free electron lasers

Simple convergent-nozzle aerosol injector for single-particle diffractive imaging with X-ray free-electron lasers

A major challenge in high-resolution x-ray free-electron laser-based coherent diffractive imaging is the development of aerosol injectors that can efficiently deliver particles to the peak intensity of the focused X-ray beam. Here, we consider the use of a simple convergent-orifice nozzle for producing tightly focused beams of particles. Through optical imaging we show that 0.5 μm particles can...

I Free Electron Lasers*

Free-electron lasers

CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 87, NO. 8, 25 OCTOBER 2004 1066 Srinivas Krishnagopal and Vinit Kumar are in the Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452 013, India; Srinivas Krishnagopal and S. K. Sarkar are in the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India; Sudipta Maiti and S. S. Prabhu are in the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400 005, In...

Lasers , Free - Electron

Free-electron lasers are radiation sources, based on the coherent emission of synchrotron radiation of relativistic electrons within an undulator or wiggler. The resonant radiation wavelength depends on the electron beam energy and can be tuned over the entire spectrum from micrometer to X-ray radiation. The emission level of free-electron lasers is several orders of magnitude larger than the e...

X-ray optics research for free electron lasers: study of material damage under extreme fluxes

Free electron lasers operating in the 0.1–1.5 nm wavelength range have been proposed for the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (USA) and DESY (Germany). The unprecedented brightness and associated fluence (up to 30 J cm ) predicted for pulses o300 fs pose new challenges for optical components. A criterion for optical component design is required, implying an understanding of X-ray—material int...